What is a decoder, which ones do I need, and where do I get them?
A combination of audio decoders and video decoders are required for you to watch live tv and recordings. In simplistic terms, decoders take compressed audio/video frames, and decompresses them into audio samples for sending to the speakers, or video frames for displaying on the screen.
NextPVR is a non-commerical application, and ships without any decoders installed, since these would cost $$$ for me to legally license and distribute. Instead, NextPVR will make use of decoders you already have on your system. Some of these are supplied with Windows, some come from other applications you have installed, some are downloaded from Internet sources.
Below is info on what decoders you need and recommendations, the TL;DR answer: install the LAV decoders from HERE, then go to the Settings->Decoders screen, and set everything to the LAV decoders
It depends on the country you're in, the television system you're using, and sometimes the device you use. If you don't have a decoder you require, NextPVR will tell you what type of decoder it's missing. Here are some example decoder requirements for common user groups:
For educational and penetration testing purposes, security researchers often host the "infected" source code on GitHub. You can set up a controlled environment using these steps: 1. Clone the Vulnerable Repository CVE-2011-2523 Detail - NVD
Attackers can gain immediate, unauthenticated administrative control over the server. Lab Setup: Installing the Vulnerable Version from GitHub vsftpd 208 exploit github install
The search for "vsftpd 208 exploit github install" frequently leads to the infamous , a critical backdoor vulnerability originally found in vsftpd version 2.3.4 . While the keyword specifically mentions "208," most historical documentation and modern security labs (like Metasploitable 2) focus on the 2.3.4 version, which remains the gold standard for learning about supply-chain backdoors. Understanding the vsftpd Backdoor (CVE-2011-2523) Lab Setup: Installing the Vulnerable Version from GitHub
The backdoor is triggered when a user attempts to log in with a username that ends in a smiley face: :) . Once triggered, the server spawns a shell listening
Once triggered, the server spawns a shell listening on TCP port 6200 with root privileges.
In July 2011, an unknown attacker compromised the official vsftpd download mirror and replaced the legitimate vsftpd-2.3.4.tar.gz archive with a version containing a hidden backdoor.
NextPVR is a 32bit application so will only see 32bit decoders on the machine. It can't see 64bit decoders, so these will not be listed.
NextPVR's decoder settings only apply to Live TV, and the playback of .ts recordings. For playback of other file types, like .mkv/.mp4/.avi, it's left to Windows to decide what decoders etc are used during playback. Installing LAV from HERE will often resolve issues with playback of these other file types.