Used primarily for producing virus-free plants . Since the apical meristem is usually devoid of vascular tissue, it often remains uninfected by systemic viruses.

The growth of an undifferentiated mass of cells. It is often the first step in generating genetic variation (somaclonal variation).

Producing thousands of clones from a single tissue sample.

Focusing on specific parts like roots, endosperm, or embryos.

Using tissue culture as a vehicle to introduce new genes (GMOs) into a plant’s DNA. Summary for PPT/PDF Preparation

Storing rare or endangered species in "gene banks" without requiring vast tracts of land.

Transferring shoots to a medium rich in Auxins to develop a root system.

If you are looking for a step-by-step flow for a , these are the standard stages:

A specialized technique used to create haploid plants , which are vital for plant breeding and doubling chromosomes to achieve pure lines quickly.